South Caucasus

November 30, 2023 | Dr. Brenda Shaffer |

US International energy policy toward the 2024 elections

While international energy policy is not on the ballot in the 2024 US elections, the election outcome will profoundly impact the U.S. role in international energy developments. Current U.S. energy policies have determined new rules of American engagement in the international arena. ...

September 9, 2022 | Dr. Brenda Shaffer |

Israel’s Role in the Second Armenia-Azerbaijan War and Its Implications for the Future

Excerpt For a quarter of a century, Israel and Azerbaijan have maintained deep strategic cooperation that touches on national security issues of the highest importance to both sides. The defense relationship...

December 3, 2021 | Dr. Brenda Shaffer

The Trigger for War: Energy in the 2020 Armenia-Azerbaijan War

Excerpt Traditionally, militaries at war seek to meet their operational energy1 needs, gain access to energy supplies, and deny energy supplies to their adversaries. However, in the 2020 Armenia—Azerbaijan...

March 5, 2021 | Dr. Brenda Shaffer |

Armenia’s nuclear power plant is dangerous. Time to close it.

In late 2020, the Armenian government announced that its Metsamor nuclear power plant would close for five months in 2021 to attempt significant upgrades. Soon after, the EU urged Armenia to make the closure...

February 16, 2021 | Dr. Brenda Shaffer |

More than Just Friends? New Azerbaijan-Turkmenistan Agreement on Joint Energy Production in the Caspian Sea

On January 21, 2021 the Presidents of Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan signed an intergovernmental Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for joint development of the newly named Dostluq (friendship in Azerbaijani...

November 25, 2020 | Dr. Brenda Shaffer |

The Armenia-Azerbaijan War: Downgrading Iran’s Regional Role

The security architecture emerging in the South Caucasus following the war between Armenia and Azerbaijan led to significant changes for the region’s three main powers:  Russia and Turkey gained increased...

October 21, 2020 | Dr. Brenda Shaffer |

The Iran Factor in Talks Between U.S., Azerbaijan, and Armenia

Secretary of State Mike Pompeo will host the foreign ministers of Azerbaijan and Armenia for apparently separate meetings in Washington this Friday to discuss the ongoing fighting between their two countries....

June 18, 2020 | Emanuele Ottolenghi |

Unfinished Business

How a Department of Justice forfeiture complaint may be an opening gambit against Iranian sanctions’ evasion.

July 1, 2015 | Emanuele Ottolenghi |

Snap-Back: A Journey Through Iranian Sanctions Evasion in Georgia

Two Iranian truck drivers sat idly in the parking area of the Poti Free Industrial Zone(FIZ), waiting for customs authoriti...

March 25, 2015 | Emanuele Ottolenghi, Saeed Ghasseminejad

The Sanctions on Iran Are Already Falling Apart

The Obama administration insists that the November 2013 interim nuclear deal with Iran gave Tehran’s economy only limited sanctions relief and that it can respond to Iranian misbe...

December 23, 2014 | Emanuele Ottolenghi |

How Iran Uses Dual Citizenship in the Caribbean to Skirt Sanctions

St. Kitts and Nevis (SKN) is a miniscule Caribbean nation whose biggest employer is the state sugar corporation and whose currency features wading sea turtles and the visage of Queen Elizabeth II...

December 15, 2014 | Emanuele Ottolenghi |

How Iran Is Skirting Sanctions in the Southern Caucasus

Proxies and agents, merchants and middlemen, peddlers and enablers of the Iranian regime have been scouring the globe for years in search of ways to evade U.S. sanctions and help Iran acquire nuc...

December 10, 2012 | Emanuele Ottolenghi

Iranian Influence in the South Caucasus and the Surrounding Region

Introduction On behalf of the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, I would like to thank Chairman Burton and Ranking Member Meeks for the opportunity to submit written...