People's Defense Units

February 6, 2026 | Seth J. Frantzman |

Turkey, The Kurds, And The U.S.: The SDF Partnership Hits a Strategic Wall

Masoud Barzani’s February 6 meeting with SDF commander Mazloum Abdi spotlights a decade of U.S. partnering that helped defeat ISIS in eastern Syria, but never produced a political endgame. After holding territory east of the Euphrates, the SDF suffered setbacks in mid-January clashes and then reached a January 30 understanding that allows Damascus to expand security control in remaining SDF areas. Some fighters could be absorbed into Syria’s army, while U.S. forces weigh next steps for ISIS detainee operations and their remaining footprint.

February 1, 2026 | Seth J. Frantzman |

A Month of Crisis in Syria and Its Regional Ramifications

Syria has experienced another dramatic transformation. After a month of clashes that began in Aleppo and spread to eastern Syria, Damascus announced on January 30 that it had reached an agreement with...

January 22, 2026 | Ahmad Sharawi |

Over the Barrel of a Gun: Syria’s Deal With the SDF

“Our Kurdish people, descendants of Saladin, beware of believing claims that we seek harm against you,” Syrian President Ahmad al-Sharaa said in a televised address on January 16 to Syria’s...

January 20, 2026 | Ahmad Sharawi |

Syrian Offensive Against Kurdish-Led SDF Risks Escape of ISIS Prisoners

The ongoing conflict between Damascus and the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) risks unleashing tens of thousands of ISIS-linked detainees, reviving a threat that the United States and the SDF...

December 17, 2025 | |

Turkish President Erdogan Claims Israel Is Biggest Threat to Syria

Erdogan Accuses Israel of Seeking ‘Fragmentation’ of Syria: Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan labeled Israel the “primary obstacle” to a stable Syria on December 16,...

December 10, 2025 | Ahmad Sharawi |

Turkey Puts Fragile Deal Between Damascus and Kurdish Forces at Greater Risk

If the agreement collapses, violence may be imminent. The Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) have spent months negotiating with the government in Damascus how to implement their March agreement...

November 25, 2025 | Seth J. Frantzman |

Kurds at a Crossroads as Middle East Shifts

Syrian Kurdish military leader Mazloum Abdi’s recent meeting with top Kurdish officials of northern Iraq points to the region’s shifting political landscape. Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) commander...

November 21, 2025 | Ahmad Sharawi |

Clashes erupt between Syrian government troops and Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces

On November 19, the government-controlled Syrian army and the predominantly Kurdish, US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) battled in the area of Maadan, east of Raqqa. According to Syrian...

November 3, 2025 | Seth J. Frantzman |

PKK announcement of withdrawal from Turkey has ramifications for Iraq, Syria

On October 26, the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) said it was withdrawing its fighters from Turkey. The withdrawal is part of a peace process that has seen the group say it will disarm...

October 17, 2025 | Seth J. Frantzman |

SDF moves forward with integration into new Syrian security forces

The US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) based in eastern Syria are taking steps to integrate into the security forces led by the Syrian transitional government in Damascus. “The Syrian government...

September 26, 2025 | Ahmad Sharawi, Sinan Ciddi

When Erdoğan Shifted Focus to the Kurds in Syria

2015 marked a change in the Syria policy of Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. He began to walk back his initial goal of toppling the Asad regime and turned towards Syria’s surging Kurdish forces....

September 16, 2025 | Ahmad Sharawi, William Doran, Sinan Ciddi

Renewed Fighting Between Kurds and Government Forces Threatens Syria’s Unity

Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and Syrian forces traded rocket artillery fire near Deir Hafir, east of Aleppo, on September 10. While no military personnel were killed, two civilians died and...

August 19, 2025 | Ahmad Sharawi |

Syria’s Deadly Wrong Turn

Ahmed al-Shara’s attempts to concentrate power and spurn Syria’s minorities are destabilizing the country.

August 15, 2025 | Ahmad Sharawi |

Sunni Arab tribes mobilize against the Syrian Democratic Forces

Several Sunni Arab tribes in northeastern Syria, an area that encompasses 30 percent of Syrian territory and is currently under the control of the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), have called...

August 13, 2025 | Ahmad Sharawi |

Turkey ramps up military support for Syria

On August 13, the Turkish Ministry of Defense announced that Turkish Minister of Defense Yasar Guler and Syrian Minister of Defense Murhaf Abu Qusra signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU)...

March 26, 2025 | Sinan Ciddi, Meghan Bodette

Turkey’s Kurdish peace talks: A genuine effort or Erdoğan’s power play?

Erdoğan is arguably negotiating with the Kurds mainly as a means of securing Kurdish parliamentarians’ votes to extend his rule as president

March 5, 2025 | Seth J. Frantzman |

How will the US-backed SDF be affected by PKK leader’s disarmament call?

On February 27, Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Ocalan called for the group to disarm and end its conflict with Turkey, according to a message he released from prison.

February 24, 2025 | |

10 Things to Know About Turkey’s Interventions and Influence in Syria

Turkey intends to position itself as the most influential foreign actor in Syria. Following the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, Turkey built close ties with jihadist militias fighting Bashar...

January 26, 2025 | Seth J. Frantzman |

The strategic Tishrin Dam has become a flashpoint in post-Assad Syria

The Tishrin Dam on the Euphrates River in Syria has become a key point of conflict in the country’s post-Assad era. Since the fall of dictator Bashar al Assad’s regime on December 8, the dam has been...

January 17, 2025 | Dr. Brenda Shaffer |

Syria’s energy sector and its impact on stability and regional developments

Excerpt Syria has the potential to significantly increase its oil and natural gas production, which can provide energy and government revenue that are critical for its stability and reconstruction....