Energy Information Administration

Regulatory Framework for Fusion Machines

Strait of Hormuz should not reopen on Tehran’s terms

Washington should define success not as traffic resumed, but as Tehran stripped of the practical ability to use the strait as a recurring instrument of leverage.

For Iran, Hormuz Is More a Weakness Than a Weapon

How a U.S. Blockade Threatens the Regime’s Grip

Hybrid Warfare in Europe Against U.S. Interests

Moscow and Beijing’s Playbook

Maritime Protection of Taiwan’s Energy Vulnerability

Combatting PRC Illegal, Coercive, Aggressive, and Deceptive Behavior in the Indo-Pacific

Blackout

International Energy Policies Threaten U.S. National Security

Too Little, Too Late, By Biden on Iran

President Biden pulled punches when enforcing oil sanctions against Iran. Forsaking the leverage inherited from President Trump’s “maximum pressure,” Biden opted for “maximum deference” from the get-go, and with clearly disastrous results. Not only is there no deal in place today constraining Iran’s nuclear program, but Tehran’s theocrats have used oil export revenues – an estimated at $144 billion of which was earned during Biden’s first three years – to underwrite the cycle violence currently engulfing the Middle East.

Biden Administration Admits Iran’s Oil Exports Have Grown Exponentially in Value and Volume

Earlier this month, the Energy Information Agency (EIA) published its first report about Iran’s petroleum exports as mandated by the Stop Harboring Iranian Petroleum(SHIP) Act enacted earlier this year....

The United States and Saudi Arabia: A Possible Path Forward

Ruble Rumble

Offensive and Defensive Measures to Defeat Russia in the Economic Domain

Ending Global Reliance on Russia’s Nuclear Energy Sector

Strategy for a New Comprehensive U.S. Policy on Iran

Tehran’s $1 Trillion Deal: An Updated Forecast of Iran’s Financial Windfall From a New Nuclear Agreement

European and American diplomats say negotiations over the fate of the nuclear deal with Iran have reached their final stage. As a series of previous FDD publications have shown, the new nuclear deal would...

How to Target Russian Oil Exports Without Upending Global Energy Markets

Western sanctions should focus not on taking Russian supplies off the market, but on markedly reducing the revenue Russia earns from each barrel of exported oil.

Iran Likely to Gain More Than $70 Billion From the Removal of Oil Sanctions

Mohsen Khojastemehr, the CEO of the National Iranian Oil Company, said earlier this month that Iran’s oil production has returned to its pre-sanctions levels. While this claim may constitute an exaggeration,...

Making Sense of Iran’s Three-Pronged Nuclear Fork In The Road

US officials have deployed an impressive array of metaphors over the past 10 months – from dwindling patience, to a diminishing runway, to a closing window – to describe the Biden administration’s...

Poor Cybersecurity Makes Water a Weak Link in Critical Infrastructure

Iran Is More Than Persia

Ethnic Politics in the Islamic Republic

Energy